Establishing a Claim in Negligence The WritePass Journal

Establishing a Claim in Negligence Introduction Establishing a Claim in Negligence Jennifer Hallam parked her car opposite the knight’s plaza building where on return to her car she noticed damage to the car. On enquiring from shop owners she was informed that this was due to light reflecting from the building. Jennifer returned the next day and investigated and established this is the case. T Knight Group (TKG) owe a duty of care to Jennifer as the neighbour principle clearly applies to her on the basis that the Jennifer would have been so closely affected by the actions of TKG that they ought reasonably to have had her in their contemplation. TKG would thus have been under a duty to ensure that reasonable care was being taken in order to avoid any harm or damage to third partied caused by their actions. Nevertheless, this could be disputed by TKG as they may be able to demonstrate that the breach of duty did not occur as a result of their own actions. This is because the architects or the structural engineers could instead be held responsible for the desi gn fault. This situation has been seen around the world and also in the UK. Under section 79 of the environmental protection act 1990 the local authority may take action to ensure the nuisance is stopped. There is no reported case in England and Wales in which a Court has been required to determine reflection of sunlight. However in New Zealand this was the case and was seen in Bank of New Zealand v greenwood[11]. This would amount to an actionable tort of nuisance. Here the high Court of New Zealand held that reflected light can constitute an actionable nuisance. In Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd[12] the Lords considered the New Zealand case and although they said that it was most unusual they did in fact regard the decision as ‘eminently sensible’ and ‘admirable’. In light of this, it could therefore be said that Jennifer’s actions is likely to be successful if the Courts in the UK follow suit. If the Courts do find that there has been a breach, it is likely that they will then be able to establish that the breach caused the harm and was not too remote so as to prevent an action in negligence. This is because, if TKG successful argue that they the architects or the structural engineers are to blame for the damage, then the standard of care will be that based upon their ex pertise; Wilsher v Essex[13]. And, architects and structural engineers will be required to have a reasonable expectation of the risks involved with this type of project and ought to have known of the dangers. Rahim Rahim Khan has stated that he has suffered a financial loss due to the dazzling sun and high temperatures that are created when the sun reflects off the Knights Plaza Building and onto the pavement outside his shop. There is generally no duty of care owed to individuals to avoid causing others to suffer an economic loss. The economic loss must not relate to personal injury or damage to property as in Spartan Steel Alloys Ltd v Martin[14]. Nevertheless, in Hedley Byrne co v Heller[15] the House of Lords held that economic loss could be caused by negligence misstatement rather than a negligent act, although it is unlikely to apply here. In Linklaters Business Services v Sir Robert McAlpine[16], however, it was noted by the Court that; â€Å"It may well be arguable in the case of complex structures that one element of the structure should be regarded for the purpose of the application and the principles [regarding economic loss] as distinct from another element, so that damage to one part of the structure caused by a hidden defect in another part may qualify to be treated as damage to other property.† It will depend entirely upon the facts of the case as to whether a claim by Rahim will prove to be a success although it is questionable whether this will be established given the complexity of establishing pure economic loss. Thus, Rahim will have to demonstrate that the relationship between Rahim and TKG was sufficiently close for a claim to be ascertained for economic loss. This is unlikely to be established given that Rahim merely owns a nearby sandwich shop and so the requirements are unlikely to be satisfied here. In addition, Rahim also stated that his business has just reopened after health inspector closed it down after allegations of food poisoning. This could be significant as the loss could have been caused by the closure of the shop for 6 months. The chain of causation (novus actus interveniens) could have been broken by the fact the shop was closed. In certain cases, the chain of causation is capable of being broken by an intervening act. Therefore, the defendant may not be liable if the chain is broken by the intervening act even if there exists a duty of care as in Kirkham v Chief[17]. Thus, as put by Finch and Fafinski  Ã¢â‚¬Å"if the novus actus interveniens is sufficient to break the ch ain, then the defendant may not be liable despite being in breach of the duty of care.†[18] Accordingly, it is therefore unlikely that TKG will be found liable in tort for the loss that was suffered by Rahim since it is likely that the loss would have occurred regardless; The Oropesa[19]. Rahim is also being prosecuted having been caught on CCTV cameras throwing stones and subsequently causing damage to the Knights Plaza Building costing  £75,000. In common law Rahim would be found criminally liable for criminal damage under section 1 (1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 for destroying property that belonged to another with the intention or recklessness as to whether damage was caused. The fact that Rahim was caught on CCTV throwing stones at the building is sufficient enough to find him liable under this section. Accordingly, it is clear that Rahim had the intention to damage the property by throwing the stones as he was angry at TKG for the loss of profits in which he claims to have suffered. In addition, for criminal damage to be established, it does not have to be shown that the property is no longer usable. The fact that some damage was caused will be sufficient as in Roper v Knott[20]. Accordingly, Rahim will thus be found criminally liable for damaging the pro perty and causing  £75,000 worth of damage. Andy Pandy, Mandy Pandy and Muz Ahmed In deciding whether Darren is liable for the death of Andy Pandy and the injuries sustained by Mandy Pandy and Muz Ahmed, it will need to be considered whether Darran owed them a duty of care. Applying the Caparo test, it is evident that a duty of care was owed to Andy, Mandy and Muz. This is because all three of them can be considered to have a relationship of proximity to Darran that he ought to have had them in his contemplation. Hence, drivers owe a duty of care to pedestrians so it is evident that this part of the test will have been satisfied. Nevertheless, it is questionable whether Darran failed to take care given that the gust of wind is likely to have been unforeseeable and as such it would not be fair, just and reasonable to impose duty of care on him. In addition, although Darran caused the accident to occur it can be said that there was an intervening act that broke the chain of causation. This is because the accident would not have happened had it not been for the struc ture of the building and because these defects were known to the TKG since May 2013, they could have alleviated these problems by taking the necessary steps. In view of this, the TKG should be found liable for the death of Andy since they ought to have taken reasonable precautions to prevent the problem from occurring. Essentially, because they had not taken any steps to prevent the problem from occurring it is clear that they should be found liable as they would have owed Andy a duty of care, they were in breach of that duty and the breached caused the harm. The same will apply in relation to Mandy and Muz since it would not be fair, just and reasonable to impose liability on Darran for the psychiatric harm that was caused and so TKG ought to be held liable for this also. In order to establish a claim in negligence for psychiatric injury, all of the negligence requirements must first be satisfied. However, further difficulties will arise since Mandy and Muz will not be awarded compensation unless three additional requirements are satisfied; a) there was a close tie of love and affection between the parties; b) that the victim was close to the accident at the time, and c) that the accident was directly perceived.[21] It is likely that Mandy will be able to establish all three given that Andy was her brother, although it will be more difficult for Muz to demonstrate that there was a close tie of love and affection. In addition, it will also have to be shown that the harm or damage caused was reasonably foreseeable, which again will be like ly to prove complex; Alcock v Chief Constable of Yorkshire[22]. In Page v Smith[23], nonetheless, the defendant was found liable even though the claimant was not physically hurt the car crash that was caused by the defendant. Therefore, it is possible that both Mandy and Muz will be able to establish a claim against TKG as shown in Dulieu v White[24]. If it is shown that the harm is too remote, however, they will not be able to establish a claim. Conclusion Overall, it is likely that TKG will be found liable for the damage that has been caused to Jennifer’s car, the death of Andy and the psychiatric injury caused to Mandy and Muz, unless they can demonstrate that the architects and structural engineers are to blame. It is unlikely that Rahim’s claim will succeed and instead he will be found criminally liable for the damage caused to the building. Damages fall into two categories, pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses. Pecuniary losses are calculated into monetary terms whereas non-pecuniary losses are not. However, whether or not damages will be awarded will be dependent upon the remoteness of the harm or damage that was caused Bibliography Finch, E. and Fafinski, S. (2010) Law Express: Tort Law, 3rd Edition, Longman. Kidner, R. (2010) Casebook on Torts, 11th Edition. The Law Commission., ‘Liability for Psychiatric Illness’ (1998) Law Com No 249, 2. Cases Alcock v Chief Constable of Yorkshire [1992] 1 AC 310 Bank of New Zealand v greenwood [1984] 1 NZLR 525 Blythe v Birmingham Waterworks (1856) 11 Exch 781 Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990 1 All ER 568 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Dorset Yacht Co Ltd v Home Office [1970] AC 1004 Glasgow Corp v Muir [1943] AC 448 Hedley Byrne co v Heller [1963] 3 WLR 101 Heaven v Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] 2 WLR 684 Kirkham v Chief [1990] 2 KB 283 Linklaters Business Services v Sir Robert McAlpine [2010] EWHC 1145 (TCC) Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 Roper v Knott [1898] 1 QB 868 R v White (1910) 2 KB 124 Spartan Steel Alloys Ltd v Martin [1972] 3 WLR 502 The Oropesa [1943] 1 All ER 211 Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority [1988] AC 1074

Johnson and Johnson Sun Care Product Competitor and Consumer Analysis Essay

Johnson and Johnson Sun Care Product Competitor and Consumer Analysis - Essay Example The long term success of the company in the marketplace is predicated upon its ability to react to, anticipate, and even create needs. Johnson & Johnson is a large corporation with 16.929 Billion of operating income. Total assets of the company are about 84.912 Billion and net income is 12.949 Billion (2008). Johnson & Johnson specializes in pharmaceutical products, medical devices, healthcare products, soaps, shampoos, toiletries, etc. Still, sun care, skin care, health and beauty products, OTC and drug products occupy a large market share. The famous brands of Johnson & Johnson are Johnson's Baby, Coach, Gynol, REACH, etc (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report 6). The company was founded in 1886 as a manufacture of ready-to-use surgical dressings. Robert Wood Johnson was the first president of Johnson & Johnson. The uniqueness of this company is diversification. The first consumer goods were manufactured in 1920s, toiletries were added in 1970s, and at the end of the 21st century the company developed a new division for medical and biopharmaceutical products (Johnson & Johnson Home Page). For Johnson & Johnson, the mingling of value construction and communication that occurs in businesses in which the customer enters the system is worth striving toward in manufacturing firms as well (Burke 3). In Johnson & Johnson, strategic marketing is based on strategic thinking which can be seen as a unique vision of the problem. The subject of decision making raises the larger issue of the planning organization's strategic thinking; specifically, the question is about prerogative and responsibility. Although most "professionally managed" organizations now subscribe to "participatory" decision making, there is nowhere any uniform understanding of exactly what that means. According to the company's annual report, "international sales were 10.3%, 9.6% and 11.2%, respectively 10.8% over 2007 with 8.3% of this change due to operational growth"" (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report 35), The opportunities of Sun care products include high potential to growth and profitability, professional management team and unique corporate culture, customized order system and discounts. There is a great opportunities for ssupermarkets in this field, because specialized shops, throughout the world are interes ted in goods produced in the environmentally friendly manner. "The Skin Care franchise sales grew by 10.8% to $3.4 billion in 2008. The sales growth was primarily due to the AVEENO, CLEAN & CLEAR, NEUTROGENA and JOHNSON'S" (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report 35). The company's market share is about 18 %. As for sun care products, the market share is about 11% of the total US market. For sun care products, the opportunities include high potential to development and expansion, professional approach to management and wider product range. Retail service assesses the areas in which the organization can benefit the most from greater emphasis on creativity and innovation. Competitive advantage serves both as a way of identifying what creative and innovative things competitors are doing as well as finding out for each of the areas requiring imagination and innovation who is the best. "Worldwide demand for products using natural ingredients continues to drive growth for the AVEENO brand, which uses a

NEW VENTURE CREATION -- business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

NEW VENTURE CREATION -- business plan - Essay Example ation of business ideas making an analysis of uniqueness of product, analyzing its sale growth, customer availability, and products and services availability is crucial; and this can be made possible by conducting situational analysis. This report aims to conduct feasibility analysis for a Marvelous Hair Salon and to analyze that either the concept is marketable and valid, does the idea proves the marketability and visibility, should the salon take a start, will the project be according to the budget, quality and schedule, and are the goals of the business will be attainable in creative and consistent manners (Kaiser, 2008). In order to achieve this objective, a report has been divided into five sections. The First section gives the general description of the business with its vision and mission; second section consists of the description of products and services and unique selling point. In the third section, detailed market analysis has been performed. Fourth section is based on the market plan that discuss the tactics to get the product and services to customers and to attract customers. The Fifth section is based on financial implications. Businesses can take place in the market through making alliances, joint ventures, and partnerships (Trost, 2013; Miller and Cross, 2013). Marvelous Hair Salon is a small start-up business that will be initiated by making partnership. Salon will provide all hair related treatments, and the focus of business would be particularly on hair related treatments from cutting and styling to hair transplantation. A good vision statement is written as a future state and mission statement is a guide to company (Shattock 2010; Castleberry 2010; Knapp, 2013) Provide memorable and unique experience for the mission to be constant provider of fresh ideas and styles through keeping up the salon’s partners (employees) with current trends and educating them best practices; all is to exceed the expectations by maintain the highest standards

Ontario’s Forest Accord Essay Example for Free

Ontario’s Forest Accord Essay The Ontario Forest Accord is an organized agreement of forest industry representatives, environmental community and the Ministry of Natural Resources which aims to make an acceptable approach to establish parks and some protected areas but not jeopardizing the needs of the forest industry. The Accord is under legislated protection also concerning the management of protected areas regarding its sustainability. Now, they are currently implementing â€Å"Room to Grow† policy that advances the wood production that can be allocated to parks, protected areas and forest industries. Since the Accord is aiming for environmental beauty and sustainability, they caught the attention of the tourists which gave them the idea to really put their work into good use and drastically improve tourism. The Accord has a huge responsibility on their hands having twelve percent of the forest and protected areas for which they have to manage. With their efforts, the tourism industry got more involved and productive—they have coordinated with the Accord organizers to draw up some policies in which they can make the implementation of the Accord more accepted by the public. The â€Å"Room to Grow† policy linked the two separate fields to hand-in-hand help each other for sustainability and development as well. For conservation and protection, Ecological Land Acquisition Program was launched to protect private land. This program is concerned with the transactions between the private sector and the government who wants to claim ecologically rich area. Basically, it was made to protect the habitat of species and also restrain companies of acquiring ecological lands that may help us improve our natural resources. The Ontario Forest Accord is like a relentless police that keeps on checking the government and private sector regarding their actions with natural resources. Works Cited Ontario’s Forest. (2003). Sustainability for Today and Tomorrow. Available on January 16, 2008 http://ontariosforests. mnr. gov. on. ca/spectrasites/internet/ontarioforests/conservingprotecting. cfm

Formalistic Approach to Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) :: Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat Essays

Formalistic Approach to Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite)  Ã‚     Ode to the Death of a Favourite Cat is a very interesting poem especially when you begin to break it down using the formalistic approach to literature. This poem at first glance could be taken as just another story about a cat that drowns trying to eat his prey, the goldfish. As we look more closely we realize that the poem has so many more meanings.    The form of a poem is also a large component on the effectiveness. This poem has 7 stanzas with 6 lines in each. The third and sixth line in each is shorter and is indented. Thomas Gray used a rhyme scheme of AABCCB. The first way that an author can write his poem is by using a point of view that is either from the cat, goldfish, or a separate all together person, the observer. Thomas Gray chose to use the narrator approach. This use is very effective because it gives us the opinion of all of the characters involved. This also gives us a view of the entire story not just one persons perspective. Also the symbolism in this poem is largely effective. Gray doesn't simply describe things like green eyes. He goes into detail by using descriptive adjectives like emerald eyes, ears of jet, tortoise vies, snowy beard, and pensive Selima. The usage of these words adds to the ornamentation of the poem. The cat is also a symbolic character. She is described as a character that is somewhat closely related to what Freud describes as an Id. This is someone who is much like a two-year-old child. They only see what they want and go for it. In this person there is no sense of obstacles or that you might have to work to receive the prize this is not a thought in that person's head.    In this poem there are many examples of assonance . Assonance is a technique that repeats the beginning letters in a phrase to add emphasis. He uses phrases such as emerald eyes, golden gleam, and heedless hearts. This is effective because it adds to the use of metaphors and the distinction of the description. The structure of Thomas Gray's Ode to the death of a Favourite Cat is in order of events how they happen.

Analysis on the Alibabas development Essay

Alibaba aAs a model of global B2B e-commerce model, from the launch site for the first time since it was founded at the end of 1998 to till right now, it Alibaba has has possessed more than 15 years of’ history. After four years of the establishment of the website, which is the end of 2002, . Alibaba get got its the first profit for the first time with, over six million yuanYuan in cash earningsin cash at the end of 2002 when it was the fourth year since the establishment of the website. Alibaba keeps acute insight and moves ahead is discerning, and step toward profitability with a unique business model. The first stage: The first step is to capture the market so as to provide free information. , first to capture the market. China’s e-commerce is currently under blocking condition with still stuck in the informationlimited information flow stage. Base on In accordance theto the full overall investigation on the basis ofbased on the needs of the enterprise market, it is needed to classify enterprise registration information integration, as well as According to the different characteristics, provide effective information and services for the enterprises based on the different characteristics. The second stage: the use of a The successful launch of at the first phase of the corporate credit certification, to has lay laid the solid foundation for a the further profit. Ma got the key pointjust cached themain key, at First by firstly introduced introducing China Chinese integrity authentication on to the Internet -– integrity , in 2002, and Grasp grasped the key primary issues on the Chinese e-commerce market, which This is also the first Alibaba revenue channelschannel of Alibaba. Alibaba induce attracts companies to pay to join in the â€Å"integrity† aspect through the clever use intelligent application of its previous history results. Third stage: the development of The overseas markets development, expands the scope of trade scope. Alibaba addition to not only master most of the domestic enterprise information, but also mastered the nearly 10 million overseas merchant information to help the domestic enterprises to develop foreign real export trade. â€Å"Chinese suppliers† to has provided the independent account number and password to establish the English website for the , so that the worldforeign countries, with nearly 2.62 million 420,000 professional buyers browse online business  and create more opportunities for businesses for further development. Fourth stage: Mergers and acquisitions â€Å"yahoo†, † is an innovation a stretch for the development of e-commerce search. Alibaba has formed a â€Å"yahoo† as the platform, as well as a large network shopping platform based on â€Å"taobao† trading information search system. , for businessmen from the world, Alibaba provides wider space communication and trading platform for the businessmen from all over the world†¦ Alibaba accurately positioning positions themselves itself in the midst of the economic society , with a stable business model, to find seek for their its own piece of the sky. which Has has now developed into four business groups and composed of three linked sites in the world’s leading online trading market and business community. 2.2.2 The Analysis of B2B2C mode Mode analysis 2.2.2 B2B2C pattern analysis Fusion The combination of the â€Å"Ali Baba† and â€Å"Taobao† new B2B2C mode does not exist logistics, distribution and inventory bottlenecks. E-commerce development in China is not mature enough since , there are a variety of defects, which leading leads to the situation that the site operator cannot accurately predict the demand for commodities , in real life as well as the same distribution logistics system at the initial trial stage. The new B2B2C model is adapted to the development of Chinese e-commerce environment, so that Alibaba can cleverly avoided the risk due to the backlog of goods distribution, and logistics system to establish imperfect generatedgeneration. The distribution logistics of this is linked to the merchant, the merchant who is responsible for the timely deliver the goods delivery to the hands of consumers, . Alibaba only conducts trading platform for businesses and consumers trading platform, do not instead of bearing the cost of producetion c ost in the logistics and distribution process, which make takes the intermediary between the cost of the transaction. Alibaba’s successful business philosophy has attracted the attention of many businesses that Alibaba it has become an indispensable business transaction network platform. Whether it is for the business or consumer, it is Alibaba that is the exclusively first thought as long as a reference tofor online shopping, the first thought is Alibaba, which . It also can also be the successfully Alibaba risk due to its distribution, logistics and inventory  generated onto another important reason business. Alibaba redefines the B2C market, leading which leads to the development direction of e-commerce industry., Aalthough this it is the inevitable trend of e-commerce development, but there has been no further proper opportunity. Alibaba B2B market possesses the share of 80% plus and the â€Å"Taobao† C2C market share of 70 percent%, which making makes it the best candidate to create a B2B2C business. Enterprise value to sales from production to sales to make up a supply chain, has changed the traditional model of creating value, reflecting and reflected the impact of the Internet on business activities deeper.to a deeper extent. In addition, Alibaba acquired which adopts â€Å"Yahoo China† to gained the world’s leading search technology supported platforms and a the strong product development capabilities, will also become a fresh point of future profitability; . Moreover, Tradelink and Alipay Alibaba will also create more wealth with thewith their developments of its create more wealth. As it can be seen from the Alibaba’s earnings history and the future direction of its development, the truly- opened , content with the localization features information and collaboration and as well as the strong global e-commerce is are the most viable. We must build e-business models in line with the Chinese people, based on the principle of fair competition for among enterprises, as well as the integration of various enterprise resources, to achieve economies of scale. 2.3 Situation The Analysis of Alibaba international International trade Trade development Development in the electricity Electricity supplierSupplier 2.3.1 Analysis of the competitive Competitive advantage Advantage of Alibaba Firstly, Ali Baba and the new web service mechanism apt toare prone to experience the value of attracting customers and buyers. Alibaba site construction methods using localized for different countries have adopted the local language, of the different localized countries which is easy to read,for comprehending that this convenience and affinity will have to are prone to integrate international markets. Alibaba has established operations in four interrelated website: the iInternational website in English to provide professional services for global business, the Simplified simplified Chinese in mainland China mainly provides to provide website marketing services; , the Global Traditional Chinese website was Taiwan, Hong Kong,  Southeast Asia and throughout the world Chinese American service; as well as the Korean language Korean site in Korean for Korean users. Secondly, Alibaba has a huge number of membersmemberships, Alibaba years of since its years’ operation make it overseas buyers, suppliers to establish a mature trading relationship. Alibaba, which possesses through three marketplaces around all over the world to assist several millions of buyers and suppliers with engaged the engagement in online business. Finally, Alibaba’s â€Å"integrity† of the Internet to provides a guarantee secure transactionsguaranteed secure transactions. Listening to our customers, to and meeting customer needs is are the foundation of survival and development of Ali Baba. Customer first, teamwork, embracing change, integrity, passion and dedication are the core values of Ali Baba. 2.3.2The Disadvantages 2.3.2 of Alibaba Firstly, Alibaba’s site model is an intermediary form, and this model which has a copycat, which provides providing samples for other competitors to enter the industry, there is increased as well as the increasing competition for them. Secondly, Alibaba’s business is large and cluttered, it is the which has original 27 original industry classifications, and 8OO – 900 categories of industries to optimize the business platform into its the biggest obstacledevelopment. Thirdly, Alibaba the during infancy of Alibaba due to the low barriers to entry Member cohabitation, and the altogether honest members get together. Making makes the supplier price competition among the suppliersis very fierce. Fourthly, because of the strategic shift Alibaba will put a lot ofinvest much money to payfor the personal C2C platform Taobao, . Besides, Alibaba B2B customers may face dropped , while the new customers supplement embarrassment. 2.3.3 The Analysis on the Cchance of Alibaba Alibaba in the development process is also facing a lot of opportunities in the development process. Alibaba in the development process is also facing a lot of opportunities. Firstly, several of the big banks and credit companies participate fully in e-commerce, which created creates the conditions for the deeppth conditions of the development of in e-commerce Alibaba. Secondly, China is now speeding up the development of e-commerce legal  provisions, and as well as actively establishingcreates a safe, and standardized business environment. This, which provides favorable conditions for the development of in e-commerce Alibaba. Once again, China cannot afford to existing SMEs to start their own B2B commerce sites that, so this intermediary sites like Alibaba welcome its popularity.popular with its welcome. Finally, as to the continuous development and, improvement of the Internet and the proliferation of computers, there will be more companies have joinedjoining in the online business, which makes provides Alibaba has a lot of potential customers. 2.3.4 Threat Analysis of Alibaba Firstly, Alibaba’s profit is mainly in China, but the status quo of China’s business environment restricted restricts the further development of B2B Alibaba, such as legal sound, online payment security vulnerabilities, improve infrastructure improvement and other outstanding developments gave Alibaba drag. Secondly, the pattern of business websites in among the world in recent years, not only speeds up the rapid development, but has gradually become a trend of e-commerce alliance 11.11 mergers. Besides, and cooperation is the trend, this which will lead to more intense competitions. Problems and Solutions of Alibaba’sE-commerce international the International trade Trade development Development in Alibaba’s E-commerce 3.1 Find theProblems Investigation Developmentof development of B2B eE-commerce in China Although, Alibaba has been under rapid developmentin in the past few years, and China has also been deemed as a n successful B2B e-commerce business representatives. However, wWe must know understand that the B2B e-commerce development model has some problems such as Alibaba, and these problems is which are the future development of China’s B2B e-commerce needed to be addressed. These problems that are mainly in the following aspects: (A) Lack of sufficient attention to the large enterprise market Currently , most of China’s B2B e-commerce to provides commodity publish and trading platform to provide offer services. This approach , which is suitable for small and medium enterprises, because since they need the help of B2B e-commerce platform to develop for new markets development. However, the demand for large enterprises and SMEs B2B e-commerce is very different since , they usually have a fixed customers and sales channels, but.  However, they are also often faced with the strategic adjustment problems. Due to for the market environment in China is actually mainly leaded by many large enterprises to lead. So, hHow to make B2B e-commerce model can adapt to the needs of large enterprises is a major problem that currently exists. (B) The lack of information flow based on business interaction While eEconomic development has provided favorable conditions for e-commerce in China to carry out, but overall, the now e-commerce enterprises in China is are still not popular yet at present. Due to a the lack of understanding of on the overall e-commerce systems, many enterprises have been many various errors in this process, that too simple understanding of B2B e-commerce that puts the company on the Internet homepage and catalog everything will be fine., you can wait for customers’ orders of. The extension of B2B e-commerce as a traditional trade on the Internet, if not interactive flow of information, withjust the release of information (which a lot of information is out of date) instead of interactive flow of information, will make most companies have lost interest in the B2B e-commerce. So Establishing an active or auxiliary enterprise interaction mechanisms , will be the focus of future development of in B2B e-commerce., will be the focus of future development of B2B e-commerce. (C) The lack of attention to the management of Many e-commerce companies when only one-sided unilaterally emphasis emphasize on technology. T, the technical elements put a lot of manpower and material resources , but ignorignoreed enhance the management level enhancement in the process and the restructuring of business processes restructure to meet the e-commerce new management and business model demands environment. (D) eE-commerce is still relatively at low degree of safety Although e-commerce security has been greatly improved, but because of viruses and the lack of various types of protective measures, Trojans and other malicious attacks continue to occur that, and the lack of various types of protective measures, so many companies are lack of thea sense of security in the implementation of B2B e-commerce. At the same time, many companies because that the network infrastructure is relatively backward,backward or no without more perfect safety management system and  professional maintenance staff leads to the enterprise network., there There are many security vulnerabilities that may crash when subjected to attack quickly when. These issues , which will greatly affect the further development of B2B e-commerce. (E) Tthe lack of an effective constraint on business  the The B2B companies like Alibaba are intended to provide a trading platform for all sectors of business. However, for businesses, if the transaction is a problem, without exception, it will be held accountable B2B companies, and thus affecting the development of their own B2B businesses without exception. The fundamental reason is that since the majority of B2B companies are interactinteracting with companies through a network of way. , and Ttherefore the lack of , effective B2B platforms is lacked for the managers to assess their qualifications for these companies, ability, and reputation. In the early days, in order tothat attracting customers into the lax control is understandable. But However, with the growing influence grow and B2B trading platform, if not effectively assessing and constraintconstrainings platform business, will directly affect the credibility of the B2B platform. 3.2 The Prospect of China’s B2B eE-commerce B2B e-commerce in the 21st century, Chinese enterprises to break new ground try to make breakthrough in the struggle for existence is in the important battleground of B2B e-commerce in the 21st century, including both . Both for China’s state-owned enterprises or and private enterprises offor 1.3 million members among the nationwide industrial and commercial enterprises, which has combined with the immediate reality , to determine the development of the essential B2B e-commerce business strategy is essential. About AlibabaAs to the combination of the above questions, this paper presents the development of by the following measures: (A) Strengthen the popularity of e-commerce in the enterprise, the implementation of B2B e-commerce is tailored to each enterprise. It should be noted, that for most Chinese enterprises, e-commerce, and B2B e-commerce, have come a the new terms is in thea new economic era. E-commerce is not Instead of a fashionable coat, as long as it e-commerce means that Chinese companies put carry on innovation and modernization, Chinese enterprises to develop e-commerce  which must make careful planning and tactical departure from the overall development of enterprises aiming at, to be able to really playing an important role on the characteristics of the network characteristics and advantages for the development of enterprises play a real role. Implementation of e-commerce enterprises is to specific specifically analysis ofanalyze the nature and scale . Ffrom large enterprises to establish a web-based procurement system to start tofor the establishment of establish their own independent large-scale procurement trading platform, . it It should be a good development strategy, like Sony, and IBM, which has have established its their own independent global procurement system the same. Of courseHowever, for when comes to SMEs, it is not the a pursuit of for self-built large, since complex B2B trading platform is a wise choice. National Federation of the 1.3 million members of private companies, including mostly most of the small and medium enterprises should adopt such a strategy. To to attach great importance to on enterprise information, . That a comprehensive, and enterprise information systems to carry outbe carried out, can not can’t be achieved only by a small part of the information. The way for the Chinese enterprises to develop B2B e-commerce, is not to say simply buy some computer networking equipmentequipment, and build a website that simple. For Chinese enterprises, the The real use of B2B e-commerce for Chinese enterprises is the core of the Internet as information technology, business activities and resource management, which is the core primary business efficiently manage managing all information. Helping companies create a smooth flow in the enterprise, so that the enterprise information flow between customers and suppliers, and through managementcan be smoothly managed, . value-added and application of high efficiency, Tthe customer, companies, and suppliers are all connected together, with the fastest, and lowest respond to the market costs, to grasp the opportunity to for continuously improve improving and consolidate consolidating the competitive advantages. (B) For nNetwork security issues should be given high priority. Enterprise (taking Alibaba as a typical representative) should be equipped with the system hardware and software to optimize the configuration, . use Adopting high-quality hardware and software equipment to can reduce security vulnerabilities; and develop a sound safety management system and to establish the establishment of a  professional security management team on system security design as well as and maintenance to ensure maintenance as much as possible to reduce security vulnerabilities existing in the system. It is at the time of attack and ableneeded to take emergency measures for protection and recovery, to ensure the smooth operation of the system; erect as well as build firewalls to differentiate the company’s internal network and with the outside world wonder access names, and control and monitor the data access. Using VPN (Virtual Private Network) to can ensure that the Internet to establish a dedicated channel to securefor communication channel. The cConclusion of the contract for electronic privacy issues and fulfillment process is caused by legal regulation which can be implemented by both both in principle and industry self-regulation, . Besides, the collectors always adopt international rules to clearly define the rights and obligations of information gatherers and information are among collectors. (C) The importance of changinge management and business model. Enterprises should strengthen the staff’s competence and ability to improve communication, and eliminate unnecessary work to achieve smooth inter-departmental business processes (especially for such a large domestic Alibaba e-commerce company). After theThe reorganization of business processes is a key demand of the market, since the company’s strategy and adjustment are in consistent with each of the core business processes and consistent and identifyidentified with every job that valued from by the customer’s point of viewfeedbacks can be inc reased. Enterprises should improve the level of corporate information technology,, advanced modern integrated manufacturing system (CLMS) and the introduced enterprise resource planning (ERP) system introduced in order to achieve agile manufacturing enterprise (agile manufacturing), ) and virtual manufacturing (virtual manufacturing) and as well as personalized production in order to achievefor â€Å"zero inventory†, reducinge costs, and thus retaining existing customers. Should It is needed to proceed to establish a suitable enterprise customer relationship between management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) system to achieve smooth communication with trading partners,, at the right time which can timely set up virtual companies to focus resources on their own core business and strengths. Using The adoption of interactive marketing model and, virtual reality and the consumer experience smooth communication with customers, can fast quickly response  respond to customers and p, Provide products to meet for the customer requirements. (D) To cater to the mobile era, and the development of mobile e-commerce. 2013 is one of the hot areasone of the hottest years in of mobile e-commerce. With theThe development of 3G technology enables , mobile Internet has been no problemto be easily accessed. In the 3G era, SOLOMO (Social Local Mobile) business model will be the future trend of development. However, current mobile e-commerce is still stuck in entertainment, social and other aspects, . how How to nurture discover and explore new business models and profit model remains to bea further issue to be studied. Meanwhile, the mobile Internet too muchpays much attention to the individual consumers who, for B2B companies to integrate mobile Internet wave, which is still a need for the new technology systems and operational rules.

Tragic Flaws Of Othello Essay - 1081 Words

Jealousy and Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello â€Å"The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw.† – Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of Aristotelian drama. It focuses upon a very small cast of characters, one of the smallest used in Shakespeare. Also, it has few distractions from the main plot, and concentrates on just a few themes, like jealousy. In Shakespeares Othello, Othello is an†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare continues to portray Othello as a well-respected nobleman throughout his play, from beginning to end. Shakespeare also shows a soft side when he displays Othellos love and confidence in his wife Desdemona. Othello entrusts his wife to the care of another gentleman, as he must go off to war in Cyprus. The entrusted man and his wife happen to be his good friend Iago and his wife Emilia. His trustworthiness makes him a greatly respected person. Through nobility, respect, love, and trust, Othello is considered to be an honorable and commendable man. However, Othellos background is unsophisticated, and often affects his attitude. Othello is a person who is innocent and base in nature. He was influenced by the way his life was going on. The people around Othello also knew of his attitude. Iago is very quick to see this. In his first soliloquy, Iago says, quot;the Moor is of a free and open nature that thinks men honest that but seem to be so.quot; (1:3:55:442-443) Iago knew of Othellos weakness. Othellos innocence and baseness makes him susceptible to being undermined by people. Iago also reveals his plan to use the Moors gullibility against him. Othello is clearly a person who believes appearances versus reality. When Othello was told about an affair between Desdemona and Cassio, heShow MoreRelatedOthello Tragic Flaw1643 Words   |  7 PagesKapoor Professor Shapiro English 220.03 20 October 2017 It Is Othello’s Own Faults In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is a highly acclaimed general and because of his many achievements he has transcended stereotypes projected upon Moors in Venetian society. Desdemona and the nature of her affair, although it is false, is considered to be the root cause of Othello’s downfall and violent demise. Othello feels anxious about the racist nature engrained in Venetian society and eventually projects this mannerRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Othello1108 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Othello† tragedy, written by Williame Shakespeare, is an excellent example of Renaissance humanism. 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Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end he starts to become evil. ‘‘Othello’s downfall is jealousy (Othello’s Tragic Flaw)Read MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Oedipus Rex In Shakespeare’s work Othello: The Moor of Venice, Othello’s over trusting nature was revealed when his trust in false accusations about his wife Desdemona’s unfaithfulness causes him to kill her and himself, conveying Othello as a tragic hero. Oedipus, the main character in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. Oedipus Rex and Othello share a commonRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Othello1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition fits perfectly with William Shakespeare epic play, Othello. The famous Shakespeare play is about the downfall of a Moorish general who expresses jealousy and murder. Othello was an amazing general for the Venice army, but his downfall cost him everything he loved so dearly. He killed his own wife because he believes Iago’s lies about her cheating on him. His beliefs in Iago cost him everything th at is precious to him. Othello can be seen as a great tragedy, and the play filled Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Mirror Of Weaknesses Of Shakespeare s Othello Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesWeaknesses Humans are contradictions, which good and evil nature both exists. The grand tragic play Othello written by Shakespeare illustrates the contradictions in human natures through the display of tragic falls of various characters such as Othello, Iago, and Roderigo. Othello, the protagonist of the play, fell in love with the daughter of a nobleman, Desdemona. 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In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, it is a play of revenge, anger, jealousy, heartbreak and remorse. Set in the streets of Venice and Cyprus, Othello is the general of the Venetian army, and chose Cassio to be his lieutenant, with Iago who was appointed to Othello’s ancient was very angry about